Tampa Scale For Kinesiophobia Research Articles

Pain and daily interference among reproductive-age women with myofascial pelvic pain: Serial mediation roles of kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing.

Myofascial pelvic pain (MFPP), which is identified by tender points in the pelvic floor musculature, is a prevalent source of chronic pelvic pain in women. It may lead to physical and mental exhaustion, reproductive concerns, and coping difficulties in daily life and work than the disease itself. Pain-related cognitive processes can affect pain relief and quality of life. Kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing are frequently treated as mediators between pain and its related consequences. Greater kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing have been shown to be associated with adverse functional outcomes, while higher self-efficacy has been related with improved quality of life. Regarding MFPP in females of childbearing age, it remains unclear whether the effects of kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing on daily interference are direct or indirect; the influence on each variable is, therefore, not entirely evident. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between pain and daily interference in reproductive-age women with MFPP through kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing, as well as to identify areas for future investigation and intervention based on the data collected from this population. This is a multi-center cross-sectional study. The study was conducted from November 15, 2022 to November 10, 2023, 202 reproductive-age women with MFPP were recruited from 14 hospitals in ten provinces of China. The demographic variables, Brief Pain Inventory, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale were used to measure the participants' related information. The data was described and analyzed using Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and Serial mediation modeling. Pain not only had a direct positive impact (B = 0.575; SE = 0.081; 95%CI: LL = 0.415, UL = 0.735) on daily interference, but also had an indirect impact on daily interference through the independent mediating role of pain catastrophizing (B = 0.088; SE = 0.028; 95%CI: LL = 0.038, UL = 0.148), the chain mediating of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing (B = 0.057; SE = 0.019; 95%CI: LL = 0.024, UL = 0.098), and the four-stage serial mediating of kinesiophobia, self-efficacy and catastrophizing (B = 0.013; SE = 0.006; 95%CI: LL = 0.003, UL = 0.027). The proposed serial mediation model showed a good fit with the collected data. The findings illustrate the significance of addressing pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia (especially catastrophizing), and increasing self-efficacy in pain therapy, and suggest that functional recovery be integrated into pain therapy for reproductive-age women suffering from MFPP.

Psychological Factors Are Related to Neuromuscular Asymmetries After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

After an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), only 47% of military members return to full duty, possibly due to persistent neuromuscular asymmetries. Psychological factors may also contribute to reduced return to duty in military members. Psychological factors and time since surgery would be associated negatively with neuromuscular asymmetries, asymmetries would be greater in cadets postsurgery when compared with healthy controls, and asymmetries would be greater at earlier timepoints after ACLR. Case control. Level 4. This study examined the relationship between psychological factors and time since surgery with neuromuscular asymmetry, compared neuromuscular asymmetries between cadets with and without a history of ACLR, and explored differences in neuromuscular asymmetries at different timepoints in cadets with a history of ACLR. A total of 37 cadets post-ACLR (18.3 ± 9 months) and 28 controls participated. Psychological factors were assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI). Participants performed a drop-jump landing, joint positioning sense (JPS), and isometric quadriceps strength testing. Peak vertical ground-reaction forces (vGRF), absolute angle of replication, peak quadriceps torque, rate of torque development (RTD), and RTD time torque interval 200 ms (TTI200) were analyzed. The ACL-RSI score was significantly related to limb symmetry index (LSI) peak quadriceps torque (r = 0.617, P < 0.01), LSI RTD (r = 0.367, P = 0.05), and LSI TTI200 (r = 0.0489, P < 0.01), but not time since surgery, JPS, or LSI peak vGRF. Cadets with a history of ACLR had significantly lesser ACL-RSI scores and greater asymmetries compared with controls. Reduced psychological readiness was associated with increased neuromuscular asymmetries after ACLR. Clinicians should assess psychological readiness during rehabilitation after ACLR.

Pain Education and Virtual Reality Improves Pain, Pain-related Fear of Movement, and Trunk Kinematics in Individuals with Persistent Low Back Pain.

To evaluate the effect of combining pain education and virtual reality exposure therapy using a cognitive behavioural therapy-informed approach (VR-CBT) on pain intensity, fear of movement, and trunk movement, in individuals with persistent low back pain. Thirty-seven participants were recruited in a single cohort repeated measures study, attending three sessions one week apart. The VR-CBT intervention included standardised pain education (Session 1), and virtual reality exposure therapy (Session 2) incorporating gameplay with mixed reality video capture and reflective feedback of performance. Outcome measures (Pain intensity, pain-related fear of movement (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), and trunk kinematics during functional movements (maximum amplitude, peak velocity) were collected at baseline (Session1), and one week following education (Session 2) and virtual reality exposure therapy (Session 3). One-way repeated measures ANOVAs evaluated change in outcomes from baseline to completion. Post-hoc contrasts evaluated effect sizes for the education and virtual reality components of VR-CBT. Thirty-four participants completed all sessions. Significant (P<0.001) reductions were observed in Mean(SD) pain (baseline 5.9(1.5); completion 4.3(2.1)) and fear of movement (baseline 42.6(6.4); completion 34.3(7.4)). Large effect sizes (Cohen's d) were observed for education (pain intensity 0.85; fear of movement 1.28) while the addition of virtual reality exposure therapy demonstrated very small insignificant effect sizes, (pain intensity 0.10; fear of movement 0.18). Peak trunk velocity, but not amplitude, increased significantly (P<0.05) across trunk movement tasks. A VR-CBT intervention improved pain, pain-related fear of movement, and trunk kinematics. Further research should explore increased VR-CBT dosage and mechanisms underlying improvement.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy Verses Conventional Physiotherapy on Kinesiophobia in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Comparative Study

Background: Frozen Shoulder is defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by painful restriction of both active and passive shoulder movements (1) . there is high degree of kinesiophobia among patients having shoulder pain(2). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may be an effective intervention for the treatment of active depression in a population with chronic pain (3) . The treatment goal of MBCT program, is to find ways of managing the pain and the adverse consequences on mental health and quality of life (4). considering that in patients with frozen shoulder treatment of pain alone was not enough to reduce fear of movement , Hence this study aimed to find the effect of MBCT on pain and kinesiophobia in patients with frozen shoulder. Objective: To find the effect of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on pain and kinesiophobia in patients with frozen shoulder. Methodology: After designing the study Institutional Ethical Approval was taken. Consent was obtained from all the participants. 30 samples were screened based on eligibility criteria, 2 were excluded and 28 were further divided into Group A (experimental group) received MBCT and conventional therapy and Group B (control group) received conventional therapy. Pre-assessment was by Tampa scale for kinesiophobia and VAS scale for pain done at Week 0. The experimental group received the MBCT and regular exercise program for 8 sessions 2 hours per day for 8 weeks. The control group received regular exercise program. Post-assessment was done at week 8. Result: The (INSTAT) was used for comparison of mean of group A and group B. One participant from the experimental group and one from the control group did not complete the study. The comparison of mean post intervention scores for group A and B of TSK Scores was found to be Extremely significant which was calculated using un-paired t test with t value t= 3.922, p value p= &lt;0.0006. Comparison of mean post intervention scores for group A and B of VAS Scores was found to be Not significant which was calculated using un-paired t test with t value t= 0.4583, p value p= 0.6505. Conclusion: The study concludes that MBCT along with conventional physiotherapy is effective in reducing kinesiophobia in patients with frozen shoulder.

Prevalence and influencing factors of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis: A cross-sectional survey

AimTo explore the prevalence of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis and analyze its influencing factors. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 221 older patients with primary osteoporosis in a general hospital in Kunming, China. Data were collected through a sociodemographic-clinical questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), Global Pain Scale (GPS), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). SPSS 27.0 software was utilized for univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. ResultsThe findings revealed that the prevalence of kinesiophobia in this study was 57.01 %. Age, history of fractures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lumbar disc herniation, chronic pain, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression were identified as significant influencing factors of kinesiophobia in the binary logistic regression analyses. ConclusionHealthcare professionals should be attentive to occurrence of kinesiophobia. Timely measures should be implemented to improve pain, anxiety and depression, and employ mindfulness interventions to mitigate kinesiophobia.

Assessment of kinesiophobia levels in patients with musculoskeletal pathologies: A demographic, physical, and clinical perspective

IntroductionKinesiophobia is a crucial factor influencing the rehabilitation process for individuals with musculoskeletal pathologies. Assessing kinesiophobia levels is crucial for personalized interventions. AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of kinesiophobia in individuals with musculoskeletal pathology based on the pathology areas, demographic, physical, and clinical characteristics. MethodsA total of 210 participants with musculoskeletal pathologies were included in the study. All participants were assessed using a sociodemographic information form for demographic and physical characteristics, the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale for kinesiophobia level, and the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire for pain location and intensity. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference observed in kinesiophobia level between patients in terms of pathology location and sex. However, a significant difference in kinesiophobia levels was found among patients based on the acute and chronic duration of the disease (p = 0.00), previous treatment history (p = 0.04), and exercise engagement (p = 0.00). When kinesiophobia levels were examined according to educational status, a significant difference was found between the primary education group and the undergraduate and above group (p = 0.00). ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, kinesiophobia levels appear to be independent of pathology location and sex, but vary based on educational level, exercise habits, pain duration and history of previous treatment. Considering these findings, it is essential to take into account these factors in treatment programs in clinical practice and to provide support in exercise and physical activity training to individuals who have previously received treatment and individuals with low education levels.

Kinesiophobia, exercise addiction and mindfulness in athletes

Background and Study Aim. Since athletes tend to be addicted to exercise, they are at a higher risk of experiencing sports injuries compared to others. Exercise addiction and kinesiophobia, which is the fear of (re)injury and movement after an injury, are distinct but related concepts for athletes. It has been stated that mindfulness helps individuals to diminish their kinesiophobia. However, little is known about the relationship between exercise addiction, kinesiophobia, and mindfulness among athletes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate kinesiophobia, exercise addiction, and mindfulness among athletes and to examine the effect of certain variables on these three concepts. Material and Methods. The sample of the study consisted of 313 athletes over the age of 18. Participants were included in the study on a voluntary basis, using the convenience sampling method. Study data were collected with the 'Demographic Form', the 'Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia', and the 'Exercise Addiction Scale'. Results. The study discovered that national athletes exhibited statistically higher levels of exercise addiction compared to non-national athletes. Similarly, athletes suffering from chronic pain showed higher exercise addiction scores than those without chronic pain. Furthermore, athletes who had sustained sports injuries demonstrated higher exercise addiction levels compared to those who had not. It was also determined that athletes with pain or movement limitations due to sports injuries exhibited increased levels of kinesiophobia compared to those without such limitations. In addition, athletes with chronic pain reported higher levels of kinesiophobia compared to their counterparts without chronic pain. Female athletes were found to have higher levels of mindful awareness compared to male athletes. Additionally, when analyzing the relationship between these three parameters, a negative correlation was observed between kinesiophobia and mindfulness among athletes. Conclusions. While kinesiophobia and exercise addiction are not directly related, there is a negative relationship between kinesiophobia and mindfulness. Furthermore, chronic pain and limitations in movement after a sports injury are identified as risk factors for kinesiophobia. Additionally, being a national athlete, experiencing chronic pain, and sustaining sports injuries are considered risk factors for exercise addiction.

Relationship Between Kinesiophobia and Dynamic Postural Stability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: a Prospective Cohort Study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in young, active patients generally require ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in order to restore mechanical and postural stability. The fear of movement or reinjury (kinesiophobia) has become increasingly recognized in the post-ACLR population, however the association between restoration of postural stability and kinesiophobia remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in mean TSK-11, DMA scores and time on the testing platform, as well as any correlation between TSK-11 and mean overall and individual translational and rotational DMA scores during the first 12 months following ACLR. Cohort study Methods: Patients undergoing ACLR were prospectively enrolled and dynamic postural stability and kinesiophobia based on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11) were collected within 2 days prior to surgery and at 6- and 12-months following ACLR. Dynamic postural stability was quantified by calculating a dynamic motion analysis (DMA) score, with score calculated in three translational (anterior/posterior [AP], up/down [UD], medial/lateral [ML]) and three rotational (left/right [LR], flexion/extension [FE], and internal/external rotation [Rot]) independent planes of motions. Correlations between DMA and TSK-11 scores at each timepoint were analyzed. A total of 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Mean overall DMA and TSK-11 scores increased with each successive testing interval. At 6-month follow up, a weakly positive association between TSK-11 and DMA scores was appreciated based on overall DMA, AP, UD, ML and LR. At 12-months, a moderately positive correlation was appreciated between TSK-11 and the translational, but not rotational, planes of motion. Following ACLR, lower level of kinesiophobia were found to be moderately associated with improved dynamic stability, especially in the translation planes of motion.

Kinesiophobia in Injured Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Athletes have a high risk of injury. Kinesiophobia is a condition in which an individual experiences a fear of physical movement and activity after an injury occurs. Our purpose was to systematically review the literature about Kinesiophobia in athletes. A systematic review was conducted in February 2023 using PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, in English, within the last 20 years and included athletes who had been injured and tracked Kinesiophobia. Articles were checked for quality via the modified Downs and Black checklist. Fourteen studies were included in the review and had an average "fair" quality score. Authors examined Kinesiophobia in injured athletes with mostly lower-extremity injuries. Kinesiophobia was associated with lower physical and mental outcomes. Kinesiophobia exists in athletes and can affect both physical and mental factors. The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was the most common tool used to examine Kinesiophobia. Common mental factors associated with Kinesiophobia include anxiety, low confidence, and fear avoidance.

The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Italian version in people with chronic low back pain

Background and aimThere is evidence to suggest that assessing back-specific altered self-perception may be useful when seeking to understand and manage low back pain (LBP). The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) is a patient-reported measure of back-specific body perception that has never been adapted and psychometrically analysed in Italian. Hence, the objectives of this research were to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Italian version of this outcome measure (namely, the FreBAQ-I), to make it available for use with Italians suffering from chronic LBP.MethodsThe FreBAQ-I was developed by forward and backward translation, review by a committee skilled in patient-reported measures and test of the pre-final version to assess its clarity, acceptability, and relevance. The statistical analyses examined: structural validity based on Rasch analysis; hypotheses testing by investigating correlations of the FreBAQ-I with the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), a pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS), the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) (Pearson’s correlations); reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC (2,1)); and measurement error by determining the minimum detectable change (MDC). After the development of a consensus-based translation of the FreBAQ-I, the new outcome measure was delivered to 100 people with chronic LBP.ResultsRasch analysis confirmed the substantial unidimensionality and the structural validity of the FreBAQ-I. Hypothesis testing was considered good as at least 75% of the hypotheses were confirmed; correlations: RMDQ (r = 0.35), PI-NRS (r = 0.25), PCS (r = 0.41) and TSK (r = 0.38). Internal consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.82) and test–retest repeatability was excellent (ICC (2,1) = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.92). The MDC95 corresponded to 6.7 scale points.ConclusionThe FreBAQ-I was found to be a unidimensional, valid, and reliable outcome measure in Italians with chronic LBP. Its application is advised for clinical and research use within the Italian speaking community.

The mediating role of cardiac patients’ perception of nursing care on the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression in rural hospitals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundKinesiophobia could act as a significant barrier against physical activity following cardiac procedures worsening cardiovascular health problems and potentially leading to conditions like hospital-acquired anxiety and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nurses are the vanguard health care team who can aid patients in taking proactive steps to overcome fear of movement following cardiac procedures.AimThe overarching aim is to investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression, and patients’ perception of nursing care.MethodA descriptive correlational research design in two rural hospitals, conducted at cardiac intensive care units of Kafr Eldawar Hospital and Damanhur Medical National Institute. Data were collected from 265 nurses, using the following patient-reported outcome measures, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Person-Centered Critical Care Nursing Questionnaire (PCCNP) and the patients’ demographic and clinical profile.ResultA significant negative correlation was found between HADS and PCCNP (r: -0.510, p < 0.001) however, Kinesiophobia was significantly and positively correlated (r: 0.271, p < 0.001). A direct effect of PCCNP in the presence of the mediator was found to be not statistically significant (-0.015, CR = 0.302, p = 0.763). Nonetheless, PCCNP indirectly affects kinesiophobia through HADS (p=-0.099).Implication for nursing practiceCustomizing individualized cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs based on the emotional experience of cardiac patients will be conducive to rehabilitation and prognosis for patients, thereby lessening the physical burden and improving their quality of life.

Low back pain and kinesiophobia in pregnant women.

During pregnancy, many pregnant women experience lumbopelvic pain due to mechanical, systemic, and hormonal reasons and this pain and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) causes daily life limitations. To examine low back pain (LBP), kinesiophobia, disability, and related conditions that develop together during pregnancy. The was a cross-sectional and analytical study. The presence, severity, and duration of pain in the lumbopelvic region were questioned. Postpartum LBP was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire, disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS), physical activity levels using the physical activity level during pregnancy questionnaire and the international physical activity questionnaire short form, and kinesiophobia was evaluated using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. The study comprised 120 pregnant women with a mean age of 27.4 ± 6.1 years. It was observed that 42.3% of the pregnant had LBP (n= 69). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 73.6 ± 16.2 kg/m2, and the mean VAS score was 5.5 ± 2 cm. When we divided the group according to the presence of LBP, age (p= 0.49), gestational week (p= 0.75), and gravida (p= 0.81) were similar. BMI (p= 0.038) and ODI scores (p< 0.001) were higher in the group with LBP. LBP in pregnant women has a higher frequency than in the normal population, regardless of age, gestational week, and gravida. Obesity appears to be a risk factor for LBP and increases disability. Kinesiophobia in pregnant women is significantly associated with obesity and disability. Unless there are contraindications, a physically active pregnancy process and regular exercise should be recommend.

Effects of Pain Neuroscience Education and Physiotherapy on Chronic Low Back Pain, Fear of Movement and Functional Status: A Randomised Pilot Study.

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain is a non-harmous condition often found in the general population. It is one of the most significant disabilities and needs different treatment modalities. This study investigates the effects of pain neuroscience education and physiotherapy on pain intensity, fear of movement and functional status in a Lithuanian cohort with non-specific low back pain. Methods: The study was performed at the primary health care unit in Kaunas, Lithuania. The key inclusion criterion was persistent non-specific low back pain longer than three months and which affects daily life functions. Thirty participants (mean 33.47, SD 4.38 years age, 70% women) were randomised into two training groups with and without pain neuroscience education (for a total of 60 min of teaching). Physiotherapy was performed twice per week during 45 min/session for a period of 10 weeks with exercises which strengthen, stabilize, and stretch the spinal cord muscles. Outcomes included pain intensity, kinesiophobia and disability and these were measured by self-scored questionnaires (numeric rating scale, Tampa scale for kinesiophobia-11, Oswestry disability index and the Roland-Morris questionnaire, respectively). Results: The results indicate that both groups improved in the measured outcomes, with the only difference between them being a better improvement in kinesiophobia in the group receiving physiotherapy and pain neuroscience education. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that a relatively short intervention of pain neuroscience education enhances the effects of physiotherapy and should be implemented in clinical practice.

Evaluating Sensitization-associated, Neuropathic-like Symptoms and Psychological Factors in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

The aims of this study were to phenotype pain in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) by investigating the association between sensitization-associated symptoms with quality of life, anxiety/depression, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia levels and identifying those risk factors explaining the variance of quality of life in individuals with ILD and pain. One hundred and thirty-two (38.6% women, mean age: 70, standard deviation: 10.5 years) patients with ILD completed clinical (age, sex, height, weight), psychological (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) variables, as well as the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), the Self-Report Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms (S-LANSS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) questionnaires. The prevalence of sensitization-associated symptomatology (CSI), neuropathic-like features (S-LANSS), anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or poor sleep was 20.5%, 23.5%, 23.6%, 22.9%, or 51.6%. Significant associations between CSI, S-LANSS, HADS-A, HADS-D, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, TSK-11, and EQ-5D-5L (.220 < r < .716) were found. The regression analysis revealed that CSI, TSK-11, and HADS-D explained 44.8% of the variance of EQ-5D-5L (r2 adjusted: .448). This study found the presence of sensitization-associated and neuropathic-like symptoms as well as other central nervous system-derived symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, poor sleep, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia in 25% of ILD patients with pain. Sensitization-associated symptoms, depression, and kinesiophobia were associated with a worse quality of life. These findings would support that individuals with ILD can exhibit different pain phenotypes, including nociplastic-like pain phenotype based on self-reported measurements. PerspectivePain in patients with ILD can fulfill features of different phenotypes, including nociplastic pain, when sensory, emotional, and cognitive mechanisms are involved at the same time.

Assessing the efficacy of the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) program: A randomized delayed-controlled trial in persons at increased risk of early onset post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis

ObjectiveAssess the efficacy of an 8-week virtual, physiotherapist (PT)-guided knee health program (SOAR) to improve knee extensor strength in individuals at risk of post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA). MethodIn this superiority, randomized delayed-control trial, persons aged 16-35 years, 1-4 years after a self-reported knee joint injury were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive the SOAR program immediately (experimental group) or after a 9-week delay (control group). SOAR includes 1) one-time Knee Camp (virtual PT-guided group education, knee assessment, 1:1 exercise and physical activity goal-setting); 2) Weekly personalized home-based exercise and physical activity program with tracking; 3) Weekly 1:1 PT counseling (virtual). The primary outcome was change in isokinetic knee extensor strength (baseline to 9-weeks). Additional outcomes included change in self-reported knee-related quality-of-life (QOL), self-efficacy, self-management and kinesiophobia, and physical activity (accelerometer) at 9 and 18-weeks. Linear regression models estimated the effect of the 8-week intervention at the primary endpoint (9-week). Results49 of 54 randomized participants completed the study (91%). Participants were a mean±SD age of 27±5.0 years, and 2.4±0.9 years post-injury. No mean between group differences for the primary (0.05; 95%CI: -0.10,0.19) or other outcomes were seen at 9 weeks except for greater improvements in perceived self-management (Partner in Health Scale; 11.3/96, 95%CI: 5.5,17.1) and kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; -4.4/33, 95%CI: -7.0,-1.8). ConclusionFor active persons with elevated risk of PTOA, an 8-week SOAR program did not change knee-related strength, QOL, self-efficacy, or physical activity, on average, but may benefit the ability to self-manage knee health and kinesiophobia.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS SHOW LIMITED ASSOCIATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS SHOW LIMITED ASSOCIATION WITH THE SEVERITY OF ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY

Effects of Manual Therapy Plus Pain Neuroscience Education with Integrated Motivational Interviewing in Individuals with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

Background and Objectives: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) persists beyond 12 weeks. Manual therapy recommended for CNLBP demonstrates short-term efficacy. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) teaches patients to modify pain perception through explanations, metaphors, and examples, targeting brain re-education. Motivational Interviewing (MI) enhances motivation for behavioral change, steering patients away from ambivalence and uncertainty. These approaches collectively address the multifaceted nature of CNLBP for effective management. The aim of this study was to investigate a manual therapy intervention combined with PNE with MI on pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT), disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and low back functional ability in individuals experiencing CNLBP. Materials and Methods: Sixty adults with CNLBP were randomly divided into three equal groups (each n = 20). The first group received manual therapy and PNE with integrated MI (combined therapy group), the second group underwent only manual therapy (manual therapy group), and the third group followed a general exercise program at home (control group). Pain in the last 24 h was assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), functional ability with the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), PPT in the lumbar region through pressure algometry, kinesiophobia with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), catastrophizing with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and performance using the Back Performance Scale (BPS) at baseline, in the fourth week, and six months post-intervention. Results: Statistically significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group were found in both the fourth-week measurement and the six-month follow-up, as evident in the NPRS and RMDQ scores, as well as in the total values of tested PPTs (p < 0.05). Differences were also observed between the two intervention groups, with a statistically greater improvement in the combined therapy group at both time points (fourth week and six-month follow-up) (p < 0.05). Regarding the TSK and PCS scores in the fourth week, statistically significant differences were observed between the two intervention groups compared to the control group, as well as between the two intervention groups (p < 0.05). However, in the six-month follow-up, statistically significant differences were found only between the combined therapy group and the other two groups, with the combined therapy group showing significant improvements (p < 0.05). In relation to BPS, both intervention groups exhibited statistically significant differences compared to the control group in the fourth week, without any significant differences between the two intervention groups. However, in the six-month follow-up, significant differences were noted between the combined therapy group and the other two groups (p < 0.05), with combined therapy demonstrating greater improvement. Conclusions: The addition of PNE with integrated MI enhanced the positive effects of a manual therapy intervention in all outcome measures. The combination of manual therapy plus PNE with integrated MI appeared to provide greater improvements compared to the isolated application of manual therapy, and these improvements also lasted longer. These short- and long-term positive effects are likely attributed to the combination of PNE with integrated MI, which contributed to increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. Further studies are required to investigate the optimum dosage of manual therapy and PNE with integrated MI in individuals with CNLBP.

The effect of cuff arthropathy stage on sleep disturbance and kinesiophobia in reverse shoulder arthroplasty patients

BackgroundThe current study aimed to determine the changes in pre-and post-operative Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK) values ​​according to the Hamada classification in patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for rotator cuff tear arthropathy (RCTA).MethodsOne hundred and eight patients who underwent RSA for RCTA were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups with low grade (stages 1-2-3) (n = 49) and high grade (stages 4a-4b-5) (n = 59) according to the Hamada classification, which is the radiographic evaluation of RCTA. PSQI and TSK values ​​were calculated preoperatively, and post-operatively at the 6th week, 6th month, and 1st year. The change in PSQI and TSK values ​​between the evaluations and the effect of staging according to the Hamada classification on this change was examined.ResultsWhen compared in preoperative evaluations, PSQI and TSK scores were found to be lower in low-grade group 1 (7.39 ± 1.56, 51.88 ± 4.62, respectively) than in high-grade group 2 (10.47 ± 2.39, 57.05 ± 3.25, respectively) according to Hamada classification (both p < 0.001). In the postoperative evaluations, PSQI and TSK results decreased gradually compared to the preoperative evaluations, and there was a severe decrease in both parameters between the 6th-week and 6th-month evaluations (both p < 0.001). Preoperatively, 102 (95%) patients had sleep disturbance (PSQI ≥ 6), and 108 (100%) patients had high kinesiophobia (TSK > 37). In the 1st year follow-ups, sleep disturbance was observed in 5 (5%) patients and kinesiophobia in 1 (1%) patient. When the Hamada stages were compared, it was seen that there was a significant difference before the operation (both p < 0.001), but the statistically significant difference disappeared in the PSQI value in the 1st year (p = 0.092) and in the TSK value in the 6th month (p = 0.164) post-operatively. It was observed that Hamada staging caused significant differences in PSQI and TSK values ​​in the preoperative period but did not affect the clinical results after treatment.ConclusionsRSA performed based on RCTA improves sleep quality and reduces kinesiophobia. RCTA stage negatively affects PSQI and TSK before the operation but does not show any effect after the treatment.

Influencing factors of kinesiophobia among stroke patients with hemiplegia: A mixed methods study

ObjectivesThere is a scarcity of data regarding the effects of kinesiophobia on stroke patients with hemiplegia. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the level of kinesiophobia experienced by stroke patients with hemiplegia in China, examine the elements that influence it, and investigate the unique psychological experience of kinesiophobia combined with a qualitative study. MethodsThis mixed study was conducted in two steps. Four approved scales were used to evaluate a total of 163 patients: (i) Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, (ii) Pain Catastrophizing Scale, (iii) Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and (iv) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the predictors of kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews with 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia were conducted using an objective sampling method, and the Colaizzi 7-step analysis process was utilized to analyze the interview data. ResultsA total of 163 stroke patients with hemiplegia were included in this study, of them, 47.9% reported kinesiophobia. Multiple linear regression revealed that the influencing factors of kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia were a history of falls, exaggeration, helplessness, anxiety, depression, and low exercise self-efficacy (P<0.05). The qualitative research focuses on two main topics: personal adoption of negative coping styles and insufficient external support. ConclusionOur study showed that the kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia was high, with several factors influencing their kinesiophobia. Some of these factors are modifiable and should be considered when formulating kinesiophobia intervention strategies for stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Assessment of Physical Activity During Pandemic Periods: Development of the Questionnaire, Determination of Primary Validity, and Psychometric Properties.

This study aimed to develop the "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS)" to determine the physical activity level of healthy individuals during the pandemic period. Research data were collected from the "Socio-Demographic Questionnaire Form,""International Physical Activity Short Form,""Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia,""Coronavirus Anxiety Scale,""Epidemic Anxiety Scale,""Expert Evaluation Form," and "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale," exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 3 sub-dimensions and 31 items. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the fit indices χ2/Df: 2.343; root mean square error of approximation: 0.048; incremental fit index: 0.955; comparative fit index: 0.954; goodness of fit index: 0.912; normed fit index: 0.923; non-normed fit index: 0.950; adjusted goodness of fit index: 0.896; root mean square residuals: 0.060; standardized root mean square residual: 0.047. The total Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.912 while the intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.958 (p<0.001). As a result of the analyses conducted, it was concluded that the PPPAS is a valid and reliable measurement.